North-Eastern Kazakhstan is characterised by a significant diversity of natural conditions. It is mainly located within two natural zones: steppe and desert steppe.

The main climatic feature of the region is its sharp continentality: a long and cold winter (5-5.5 months) and a hot, short summer (3 months). Unfavourable weather factors include late spring and early autumn frosts, insufficient and unstable precipitation, strong winds, dust and sand storms, and severe frosts during winter. The average annual precipitation ranges from 200 mm in the south to 310 mm in the north. The average temperature in January is -18 to -19 °C, and in July it is +20 to +21 °C. There is a noticeable shortage of precipitation, especially in spring.

On the territory of the Pavlodar region, during the growing season of spring wheat, the following climatic indicators were recorded. As early as the beginning of May 2024, the temperature regime was relatively moderate. The average daytime temperature for the month was around 17.5 °C. The first and third ten-day periods of the month were relatively stable in terms of temperature, while the second was marked by fluctuations. The entire month was characterised by a deficit in precipitation, with an average of 12 mm of rainfall. It is important to note that precipitation was unevenly distributed throughout the month. The average relative humidity (RH) during this period was 38%.

June in the Pavlodar region was marked by a gradual increase in temperature. The average temperature for the month was 18.5 °C. The first and second decades of June were characterised by temperature fluctuations. During the third decade, the temperature regime became relatively stable. Precipitation increased to 30 mm during the month, leading to a rise in RH to 50%.

In July, the average monthly temperature in Pavlodar region reached 21.5 °C. Precipitation only slightly exceeded the June total by 3 mm, amounting to 33 mm. The average monthly RH was 55%. July showed noticeable temperature fluctuations, especially during the second decade. For the rest of the month, the temperature remained relatively stable.

In August, no sharp temperature changes were recorded: the average air temperature was 20 °C, and RH was 61%. There was an increase in precipitation compared to the previous months, with a total of 52.1 mm.

In general, comparing the 2024 growing season with long-term average data, it can be concluded that the period was characterised by moderately warm and dry weather with a precipitation deficit. This had an impact on crop development and on the spread of phytophagous pests and phytopathogens in wheat fields.