Youth policy is a priority direction for the development of any social state. The main goal of youth policy is to create conditions for successful self-realization of young people, develop the potential of young people and use it in the public interest^[130]. To achieve these goals, the State and public institutions use a wide range of mechanisms and tools.

The following mechanisms for implementing youth policy can be distinguished:

- the program mechanism covers the system of state and industry programs at the republican, regional and local levels. In the context of Kazakhstan, this includes such strategic documents as the State Program for the Development of Youth Policy, regional roadmaps for youth support, as well as special projects implemented within the framework of the «Zhastar – Otanga!» and «Zhasyl El» programs. These programs are aimed at solving current problems of youth in the field of employment, education, patriotic education and civic engagement;

- the information mechanism covers the collection, analysis and use of data related to the situation of young people, based on official statistics, sociological research and monitoring. In Kazakhstan, various research institutes, youth policy centers under akimats, as well as research organizations and independent analytical centers play an important role here. In addition, the information mechanism includes educational activities and popularization of state youth policy through traditional and digital media, including through social networks, instant messengers and platforms with interactive elements aimed at a youth audience;

- The organizational mechanism in the context of Kazakhstan is a vertically integrated management system in the field of youth policy, covering central state bodies (the Ministry of Culture and Information, authorized bodies for Youth Affairs), regional youth policy departments, as well as subordinate organizations such as youth resource centers, youth public associations and volunteer corps. Horizontal interaction is provided by interagency cooperation, including with educational organizations, NGOs and businesses.

- the political mechanism consists in the development and adoption of normative legal acts and strategic documents regulating the implementation of youth policy. In Kazakhstan, the key bodies here are the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, maslikhats at all levels, as well as authorized ministries. Considerable attention is paid to the institutionalization of youth participation, including through youth parliamentary and public structures.

- the economic mechanism includes a system of financing youth support activities from the national and local budgets, as well as the development of public-private partnership mechanisms, attracting funds from international organizations, grant programs and sponsorship. Kazakhstan is actively implementing the practice of competitive financing of youth initiatives through the «Kazakhstan Halkyna» Fund, the Youth Support Fund, as well as through state social orders.

The main tools of the state youth policy include the following:

Regulatory framework for youth policy.

The implementation of youth policy is based on a regulatory framework that includes:

- Law of the RK «On State Youth Policy» (2015), which defines the status of youth, principles and forms of support;

- The concept of the state youth policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2023–2029, containing strategic directions of work with young people;

- regional development programs with sections on youth policy;

- National and local road maps and youth support programs.

This framework forms the legal framework on which the activities of State bodies and organizations in the field of youth policy are based.

Government agencies and institutions.

Implementation of the youth policy in Kazakhstan is coordinated by:

- Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan (formerly the Ministry of Information and Social Development) – Chief coordinator of youth policy;

- Committee on Youth and Family Affairs, as well as departments of youth policy under regional akimats;

- youth service centers and youth resource centers that ensure the implementation of local programs;

- committees for youth affairs at state and educational institutions.

These bodies ensure the systematic implementation of youth initiatives and projects at all levels.

Education and human capital development.

Much attention is paid to the educational policy as a tool for supporting young people:

- programs «Bolashak», «Zhas maman», «Zhas galym», etc., aimed at the development of human resources;

- development of the system of TVET (technical and vocational education), taking into account the needs of the labor market;

- support for young scientists, postgraduates and undergraduates through grant funding of research projects;

- development of dual training and mentoring systems;

- grants for higher education and measures to ensure its accessibility in the regions.

Educational tools help to expand the opportunities of young people for self-realization and professional growth.

Financial and project support for youth initiatives.

The state creates conditions for involving young people in entrepreneurial, scientific and social activities:

- state grants for NGOs implementing youth projects (through Operators – the Center for Support of Civil Initiatives, KAZGUU, etc.).

- «Zhas Kasipker program and projects through Atameken» – training and microfinance of youth entrepreneurship;

- grants of the akim and financing of youth startups at the local level;

- support for social entrepreneurship and volunteer initiatives.

Such measures contribute to the economic activity of young people and the development of civil society.

Information technologies and digital tools.

Digital tools are actively used in Kazakhstan:

- QazVolunteer pinform.kz – for registration and coordination of volunteer activities.

- with ait «Zhastar.kz» and regional youth portals that provide information about vacancies, projects, and grants;

- online training and consultations via Coursera, EdX, BilimLand, etc. platforms.

- plentiful apps and Telegram bots for quick information about youth events.

Digitalization makes it easier for young people to access information and services, and makes politics more transparent.

Institutions of civic participation.

Involvement of young people in public and political life is carried out through:

- Youth NGOs, youth branches of political parties (Zhastar Rukhy);

- regional maslikhats and discussion clubs under akimats;

- youth forums, gatherings, debate tournaments, leadership schools;;

- toolonter movements (for example, «Birgemiz», «Jas Sarbaz», patriotic clubs).

These forms contribute to the formation of an active civic position among young people.

Cultural, patriotic and sporting events.

Mass events are an important channel for working with youth

- patriotic campaigns: «Rukhani Zhangyru», «My Flag, My Homeland!», State Symbols Day;

- programs for preserving historical memory, ethnocultural festivals.

- sports competitions, participation in universiades and international tournaments.

- programs supporting the creative industry and cultural entrepreneurship.

Such events contribute to the development of a sense of belonging and national identity.

Thus, youth policy in Kazakhstan is implemented through a broad system of tools: from legal and institutional to educational, financial, and digital. An important condition for the successful implementation of youth policy is the active participation of young people themselves, as well as cooperation between the state, NGOs, and the private sector.

To improve the effectiveness of youth policy, it is necessary to

- strengthen the role of regional initiatives;

- support youth in rural areas;

- develop a system for monitoring and evaluating youth programs;

- promote inclusive and accessible forms of participation.

Therefore, the future of Kazakhstan is directly linked to how effectively the state invests in youth development today.

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^[130] Minaev N. V. Mechanisms, Tools, and Problems of Improving Modern State Youth Policy in Russia / N. V. Minaev. – Text: direct // Molodoy Uchenyy (Young Scientist). – 2024. – №25 (524). – С. 296–299. – URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/524/115935/ (Date of access: 14.04.2025).