STATE POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

FINAL ASSESSMENT TEST QUESTIONS

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1. What is public policy?

A) A form of government based on the unlimited and uncontrolled authority of a single individual in the state;
B) A political process of administrative influence by state institutions on key spheres of society;
C) A system of dispute resolution by referring cases to a mediator acceptable to both parties;
D) Protection of national heritage, interests, values, and lifestyle from external threats, and the state's ability to resist foreign pressure;
E) The ability to acquire and exercise subjective rights and legal obligations in a socially significant area.

2. Which component of public policy includes power and coercive measures?

A) Human;
B) Institutional;
C) Substantive;
D) Procedural;
E) Spiritual.

3. The main advantage of digital government services is:

A) increase in the number of employees of government agencies;
B) increase in the amount of paper documentation;
C) decrease in transparency of processes;
D) increase in accessibility and convenience for citizens;
E) increase in the time frame for consideration of applications.

4. Who is the subject of public policy?

A) Only the president;
B) Only civil servants;
C) The people, state leaders, political elites;
D) Only international organizations;
E) Only business structures.

5. Which approach to the study of public policy views it as the result of the activities of state institutions?

A) Activity-based;
B) Systems;
C) Institutionalism;
D) Conflict-based;
E) Rationalism.

6. Which characteristic of public policy emphasizes its compliance with the Constitution and laws?

A) Legal nature;
B) Formation by specially authorized entities;
C) Orientation toward socially beneficial goals;
D) Implementation in various spheres;
E) Secret methods of implementation.

7. Which level of public policy is responsible for international relations?

A) National;
B) Regional;
C) Local;
D) International;
E) Municipal.

8. Which function of public policy is related to the redistribution of resources?

A) Regulatory;
B) Distributive;
C) Social;
D) Economic;
E) Environmental.

9. Which method of public policy research is based on the analysis of legal and regulatory acts?

A) Comparative-institutional analysis;
B) Political and legal analysis;
C) Event analysis;
D) SWOT analysis;
E) Delphi method.

10. Which approach views public policy through the lens of conflict between various interest groups?

A) Systems approach;
B) Conflict-based approach;
C) Cybernetic approach;
D) Incrementalism;
E) Game theory.

11. Which theoretical approach views public policy as the activity of professional politicians?

A) Activity-based approach;
B) Structural-functional approach;
C) Elite theory;
D) Rationalism;
E) Situational approach.

12. What is public administration?

A) A rational system or organized structure designed for the effective and professional implementation of public policy;
B) A state or international organization entrusted with storing the text of an international treaty, its ratification documents, etc;
C) An agreement between two or more parties aimed at establishing, altering, or terminating civil rights and obligations; a type of transaction;
D) Normative legal acts as a whole – all rules established by the state that are binding for the public;
E) A mode of public life characterized by the rule of law and the unconditional implementation of its requirements.

13. What is bureaucracy?

A) A distinct group of legal norms regulating similar public relations, forming a branch of law;
B) Any large-scale organization of professional officials whose main duty is to implement the policies set by decision-makers;
C) Persons enrolled in additional professional educational programs in institutions that provide educational services;
D) National (state) interests – objectively important goals and tasks of the state as a whole;
E) A systematized and officially compiled set of core data about the state's economic resources.

14. Who are the founders of the «elite theory»?

A) T. Veblen, D. Barykheim;
B) M. Duverger, R. Dahrendorf;
C) V. Pareto, G. Mosca, G. Sartori;
D) M. Weber, G. Almond;
E) K. Marx, F. Engels.

15. What are the main characteristics of the state?

A) Monopoly on the use of coercive power;
B) Issuance of laws and regulations;
C) Collection of taxes and fees;
D) Dissemination of information;
E) Education of the population.

16. What is the territory of the state?

A) Supervision over a managed or subordinate object to ensure technological and legal compliance;
B) A union of legally and politically independent entities for the implementation of specific joint goals;
C) An intergovernmental or non-governmental association created under agreements to achieve certain goals;
D) A comprehensive system of observation, assessment, and forecasting of environmental changes under anthropogenic influence;
E) The space within which the state exercises full sovereignty.

17. What is the sovereignty of state power?

A) Granting a legal status to a political, social, administrative, or economic phenomenon;
B) A socially significant procedure for the origin and functioning of power that enables coordination in governing structures and their interaction with society;
C) Supremacy and independence of power from any other authority; the right and capacity to conduct internal and external policy on behalf of society both domestically and internationally;
D) The belief that the established political order is fair and legitimate;
E) A set of judgments by social groups on social phenomena or issues affecting common interests.

18. What is the primary function of the state since its emergence?

A) Control over all spheres of public life;
B) Balancing the interests of different social groups;
C) Elimination of class distinctions;
D) Establishment of a totalitarian regime;
E) Replacement of the market economy with a planned one.

19. Which theory considers the state as a result of the struggle of political elites for power?

A) Pluralism theory;
B) Technocratic theory;
C) Elite theory;
D) Legal theory;
E) Socialist theory.

20. Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of the state?

A) Monopoly on the use of coercive force;
B) Enactment of laws and regulations;
C) Collection of taxes and duties;
D) Presence of a single political party;
E) State territory.

21. Which model of business–government interaction assumes an arbitration function of the state?

A) Corporatist model;
B) Statist model;
C) Pluralist model;
D) Oligarchic model;
E) Organized capitalism.

22. What is the object of public policy in the social sphere?

A) Macroeconomic indicators;
B) Pensioners and youth;
C) International organizations;
D) Industrial enterprises;
E) Environmental standards.

23. Which approach to understanding civil society defines it as the «third sector»?

A) Through the lens of social capital;
B) Autonomous social sphere;
C) Non-profit sector distinct from the state and business;
D) State-oriented approach;
E) Economic approach.

24. What does the term 'subsidiarity' mean in the context of civil society?

A) The priority of the state over the individual;
B) The priority of the individual over public institutions;
C) Total subordination of citizens to the state;
D) Lack of independence of civil organizations;
E) Prohibition on creating public associations.

25. Which function of civil society consists of promoting the interests of social groups?

A) Oversight of state activities;
B) Advocacy and lobbying;
C) Education and enlightenment;
D) Social initiatives;
E) Development of digital platforms.

26. What condition often accompanies financial assistance from international organizations?

A) Renunciation of sovereignty;
B) Implementation of economic stabilization measures;
C) Ban on participation in international treaties;
D) Increase in government spending;
E) Cancellation of elections.

27. What is the essence of the political function of the state?

A) Political dominance and governance by a small group of individuals bound by shared interests;
B) Units of the state apparatus exercising power and management and vested with appropriate authority;
C) Duty and readiness of a subject to be held accountable for actions and consequences under the law;
D) Formation of a legitimate, compact, and effective governance system in accordance with the Constitution;
E) Domination by the crowd, the street, or political circles driven by populism, anarchism, and destructive slogans.

28. What is the essence of the economic function of the state?

A) Formation of a legitimate and effective system of governance based on the Constitution;
B) Development of economic strategy and regulation of market relations for optimal national economic performance;
C) Equality between parties in any kind of relations;
D) Supervision of compliance with technology and legislation;
E) Protection of national values, interests, and way of life from external threats and foreign pressure.

29. What is the essence of the social function of the state?

A) Protection of rights and freedoms, ensuring equal opportunities for meeting social needs and maintaining a decent standard of living;
B) Formation of a legitimate and effective governance system based on the Constitution;
C) Development of economic strategy and regulation of market relations for national economic performance;
D) Duty and readiness to be accountable for one’s actions under the law;
E) Belief that the established political order is fair and lawful.

30. What are social problems?

E) Issues and situations that directly or indirectly affect people and are considered serious enough by many members of society to require collective efforts to address.

31. What is the development of public policy?

B) A set of stages, factors, conditions, actions of political actors and interest groups during the selection of strategic goals and their consolidation in relevant documents (programs, statements, laws, doctrines);

32. What is the system of public authorities?

D) A set of supreme and local bodies of legislative, executive, and judicial power that perform the functions of unified state authority in their respective organizational and legal forms;

33. What is a public administrative decision?

C) A political and legal act that logically expresses the influence of governing entities (state bodies, officials) on the public-social system (governed subjects), necessary for achieving set goals, ensuring interests, and meeting governance needs;

34. What is a presidential address?

B) A political document of the head of state in the form of an address to parliament or the public, containing an analysis of the socio-political and economic situation, progress on prior initiatives, and key legislative and policy priorities for the short and medium term;

35. What is a doctrine?

A) An official general (declarative) document that outlines a system of views, fundamental ideas, policy goals, tasks, methods, and organizational principles in all strategically important spheres of national life;

36. What is a concept?

E) A declarative program document defining development perspectives and conditions in a certain social sphere.

37. What is a program?

E) A declarative policy document defining objectives and development terms for a specific public sector.

38. What is a strategy?

E) A declarative document outlining conditions and long-term goals for development in a specific area.

39. What is a law?

B) A normative act adopted in a special procedure by the highest representative legislative body or by direct expression of popular will, possessing supreme legal force and regulating important and stable public relations;

40. What is a code?

A) A systematized set of acts, rules, and norms regulating a specific sphere of public relations;

41. What is a decree?

D) A normative act issued by the president;

42. What is an order?

B) An administrative act issued by heads of ministries, services, or agencies, departments of executive bodies, or heads of companies and organizations within their authority;

43. What is an instruction?

E) A legal act issued by a state authority (or approved by its head) that includes rules and recommendations for regulating organizational, staffing, technological, financial, and other aspects of the managed entity's activity.

44. What is the main instrument of a state’s financial policy?

B) Government revenues and expenditures;

45. Which document regulates the most important public relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan?

B) Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

46. What is bureaucracy according to Max Weber?

B) The most rational way of organizing the activities of a large number of people;

47. What functions do taxes perform?

B) Fiscal, regulatory, and incentivizing;

48. What does a state program include?

C) Program passport, subprograms, target indicators, budget allocations, and expected outcomes;

49. Which method is used in developing government strategies to assess strengths and weaknesses?

B) SWOT analysis;

50. What is the main direction of government spending?

C) Procurement of goods and services, as well as transfer payments;

51. Which principle of bureaucracy implies the selection of personnel based on professional qualities?

A) Hierarchy;
B) Formalization;
C) Meritocracy;
D) Centralization;
E) Corruption.

52. Which platform in Kazakhstan allows citizens to participate in discussions of draft normative legal acts?

A) eGov.kz;
B) «Ashyq Dialog»;
C) «Open NPA»;
D) Tengrinews.kz;
E) Facebook.

53. What is the technology of public administrative decision-making?

A) Amendment of a government decision;
B) Ignoring a government decision;
C) Preparation of government decisions;
D) Ensuring procedures and making government decisions;
E) Implementation of government decisions.

54. What is legal regulation?

A) An objectively necessary and state-protected, socially fair system of organizing human behavior through legal determination of participants, their rights, duties, and guarantees for social progress;
B) A legal act issued by a state management body (or approved by its head), containing rules and recommendations for regulating organizational, staffing, technological, financial, and other aspects of the managed entity;
C) An administrative act issued by heads of ministries, services, and departments within their competence;
D) A declarative program document defining development prospects for a specific social sphere;
E) A codified set of acts, rules, and norms regulating a particular sphere of social relations.

55. What is a branch of law?

A) A legal act issued by a government authority (or approved by its head) that provides rules for managing various organizational aspects;
B) A distinct group of legal norms within a unified legal system that regulates homogeneous social relations based on principles and specific methods, functioning with relative autonomy;
C) An objectively necessary, socially fair legal structure maintained by the state for ensuring progress;
D) A codified body of laws and norms regulating a specific social area;
E) A decision in the form of a normative act of the president.

56. Which of the following are general principles of legal regulation?

A) Principle of independence;
B) Principle of the rule of law;
C) Principle of freedom;
D) Principle of justice or proportionality;
E) Principle of awareness.

57. What is the mechanism of legal regulation?

A) A distinct group of legal norms within a legal system regulating homogeneous social relations with autonomy;
B) A state-protected, socially fair legal structure for regulating social behavior and ensuring progress;
C) A legal act adopted by the legislature or through direct popular vote, possessing supreme legal force;
D) A codified set of rules regulating a particular area of social relations;
E) A variety of legal mechanism that consists of legal tools organized to regulate public relations by giving them legal form.

58. What are legal means?

A) A codified set of rules regulating a particular sphere;
B) A declarative policy document outlining development plans;
C) Specific legal tools used to organize public relations and satisfy rights and interests;
D) A document that represents a common understanding of a subject without normative content;
E) An administrative act issued within the competence of executive leaders.

59. What is a legal incentive?

A) Specific legal tools used to organize public relations and meet stakeholders' interests;
B) A legal encouragement for law-abiding behavior, promoting positive activity;
C) A document expressing conventional understanding without legal norms;
D) A declarative planning document;
E) A codified body of legal norms.

60. What are civil society institutions?

A) A form of rule based on the absolute power of one person;
B) A political process of government influence on key sectors of society;
C) A state or international organization tasked with storing treaty documents;
D) Organized associations of citizens aiming to solve collective problems and achieve common goals;
E) A rational system for implementing public policy.

61. What is a political party?

A) A voluntary union connected by ideological unity, striving for political power or participation in governance;
B) A large-scale organization of professional officials whose main task is to implement decisions;
C) A socially significant system of power formation and operation;
D) An interstate or non-state association based on agreements for specific goals;
E) Individuals undergoing additional professional training in educational institutions.

62. What are trade unions?

A) Individuals undergoing additional vocational training;
B) A voluntary union seeking political power through ideological unity;
C) A public association with fixed membership created on the basis of shared labor or professional interests to protect the rights of its members;
D) A large-scale organization of professional officials implementing political decisions;
E) An interstate or non-governmental organization created to achieve goals.

63. What is a religious association?

A) A large-scale organization of professional officials implementing political decisions;
B) A voluntary association of Kazakhstani citizens, foreigners, or stateless persons to meet spiritual needs, established under national law;
C) A political party;
D) An international or non-state union based on agreements for certain objectives;
E) A public association with membership to represent and defend professional and social-economic rights.

64. What is a referendum?

A) Competitive, periodic, representative elections where citizens freely choose their representatives;
B) An interstate or non-state agreement-based union;
C) A large-scale organization of professional bureaucrats;
D) Individuals pursuing additional training programs;
E) A nationwide vote on proposed constitutions, constitutional laws, and other key state matters in Kazakhstan.

65. What is a government social order?

A) A government commission for carrying out measures to address socially significant problems on interstate and/or regional levels;
B) A nationwide vote on important public issues and laws;
C) An agreement-based international or non-governmental body;
D) Problems that directly or indirectly affect people and require collective efforts;
E) A legitimate, compact, and effective system of governance in line with the Constitution.

66. What is a state target program?

A) Issues and situations that directly or indirectly affect a person and are considered serious enough by many in society to require collective effort;
B) A goal-oriented program for organizing actions of administrative, technological, and social nature, aimed at achieving a single state-defined goal, balanced by financial, human, and other resources;
C) A government commission to carry out measures solving socially significant intergovernmental or regional problems;
D) A set of legislative, executive, and judicial bodies performing functions of unified state authority;
E) Development of economic strategy and regulation of market relations for optimal national economic performance.

67. What is state information policy?

A) Only media control;
B) Activities aimed at regulating the information sphere in the interests of the state and society;
C) Only dissemination of official information;
D) Only personal data protection;
E) Only combating fake news.

68. Which of the following is the first stage in public policy development?

A) Policy implementation;
B) Monitoring and evaluation;
C) Problem identification and policy formulation;
D) Decision-making;
E) Development of legal acts.

69. Which policy model implies decisions made at top levels of government and passed down to lower levels?

A) Bottom-up model;
B) Mixed model;
C) Top-down model;
D) Open systems model;
E) Policy streams model.

70. Which analysis method is used to assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in policy development?

A) Delphi method;
B) SWOT analysis;
C) Economic analysis;
D) Historical analogies;
E) Sociological research.

71. Which principle of public policy formation ensures compliance with the Constitution and international commitments?

A) Scientific validity;
B) Legality;
C) Openness and transparency;
D) Social justice;
E) Flexibility and adaptability.

72. Which stage of the policy cycle includes assigning responsibilities across levels of governance?

A) Problem analysis;
B) Decision-making;
C) Policy implementation;
D) Monitoring and evaluation;
E) Goal formulation.

73. Which model of public policy describes the process as an interaction of three streams: problem, expert community, and politics?

A) Institutional rational choice model;
B) Advocacy coalition framework;
C) Policy streams model;
D) Open systems model;
E) Mixed model.

74. Which forecasting method involves surveying experts and forming a collective prediction?

A) SWOT analysis;
B) Delphi method;
C) Economic analysis;
D) Statistical methods;
E) Historical analogies.

75. Which analytical center in Kazakhstan conducts strategic research on domestic and foreign policy?

A) Academy of Public Administration;
B) Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies (KazISS);
C) International Information and Analytical Center (IIAC);
D) Eurasian Monitoring Center;
E) Scientific-Analytical Center MIND.

76. Which stage of legal act development includes public posting for feedback and suggestions?

A) Draft initiation;
B) Public discussion;
C) Interdepartmental coordination;
D) Legal expertise;
E) Adoption and publication.

77. Which principle of public policy formation considers the interests of all social groups and ensures equal opportunities?

A) Scientific justification;
B) Appropriateness and efficiency;
C) Social justice;
D) Complexity;
E) Openness and transparency.

78. Which of the following features distinguishes public authorities in Kazakhstan?

A) Funded by private sources;
B) State-authority powers;
C) Lack of legal responsibility;
D) Independence from legislation;
E) Voluntary citizen participation.

79. What branches of power are identified in Kazakhstan’s public authorities?

A) Legislative, executive, judicial;
B) Military, economic, social;
C) Central, regional, local;
D) Political, administrative, financial;
E) Federal, municipal, public.

80. What is interagency cooperation?

A) Competition between public agencies;
B) A system of relations among state bodies based on cooperation;
C) Delegation of authority to the private sector;
D) Citizens’ control over public bodies;
E) Lack of coordination between agencies.

81. Which principle of coordination implies the delegation of authority to the most effective level of governance?

A) Transparency;
B) Subsidiarity;
C) Complexity;
D) Responsibility;
E) Flexibility.

82. Which form of public-private partnership (PPP) involves the creation of a separate legal entity?

A) Concession;
B) Institutional PPP;
C) Service contract;
D) Trust management;
E) Leasing.

83. What tasks does public oversight address in Kazakhstan?

A) Increasing bureaucratic barriers;
B) Ensuring transparency in the activities of public authorities;
C) Reducing the funding of state programs;
D) Limiting citizens' access to information;
E) Reducing the role of civil society.

84. Which of the following issues are considered political-administrative barriers in Kazakhstan?

A) Lack of digitalization;
B) Bureaucratic inertia;
C) High levels of social inequality;
D) Frequent changes in legislation;
E) Low legal culture among the population.

85. What measures can improve interagency cooperation?

A) Reducing the funding of state programs;
B) Development of digital platforms and integrated databases;
C) Reducing the number of public servants;
D) Refusal of public consultations;
E) Increasing the number of bureaucratic procedures.

86. Which subjects can participate in public oversight in Kazakhstan?

A) Only civil servants;
B) Only religious associations;
C) Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan and non-profit organizations;
D) Only foreign investors;
E) Only political parties.

87. Which of the following projects can be implemented within the framework of public-private partnership (PPP)?

A) Construction of schools and hospitals;
B) Only military facilities;
C) Only private commercial enterprises;
D) Only scientific research;
E) Only agricultural land.

88. A region is:

A) A space within which the state possesses full sovereign authority;
B) A territory whose national affiliation is the subject of a territorial dispute between two or more countries;
C) Giant monopolistic associations, international in their scope of activity, generating large profits from foreign operations and typically owned by capital from a single country;
D) A relatively integrated territorial entity, often large in size but not necessarily an administrative division, where natural-geographic, economic, social, ethno-demographic, and other processes interact to support the territory’s self-development;
E) International companies, national trusts, and corporations of industrially developed countries with foreign assets.

89. What is regional policy of the state?

A) A potential action or event that could threaten one or more aspects of security;
B) Activity aimed at guiding and regulating public relations through state authorities;
C) A field of activity involving the management of economic, social, and political development in a spatial/regional context, concerning relations between the state and regions, as well as between the regions themselves;
D) A process of consistent implementation of technological, managerial, and other solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of natural resource use;
E) A governance principle claiming that the best method to rule a multiethnic state is to stir ethnic discord among nationalities.

90. Indicate the main directions of the state’s regional policy from the list below:

A) Development of backward regions and exploration of new areas and resources;
B) Solving national economic issues;
C) Addressing urbanization problems;
D) Regional aspects of demographic and agricultural policy;
E) All answers are correct.

91. What is urbanization?

A) A socio-economic process expressed in the growth of urban settlements, population concentration in them, and the spread of urban lifestyle in settlements;
B) Development of the non-productive sphere in villages, rural areas, and small towns;
C) Expansion of urban construction;
D) Increase in industrial facilities in cities and villages;
E) All of the above.

92. What are direct methods of implementing regional policy?

A) Financing of the social sphere in the region;
B) Active state participation in capital investments aimed at improving the territorial structure of the economy;
C) Directive management of a particular region by the state;
D) All of the above;
E) Only answers A and C are correct.

93. What are indirect methods of implementing regional policy?

A) State intervention in socio-economic processes through the enactment of various legal laws;
B) Influence of the state on socio-economic processes in the region through its authorized representatives;
C) Creation by the state of an appropriate economic «climate» in various regions through the financial, tax, and customs systems;
D) Directive management of a particular region by the state;
E) All of the above.

94. What is state economic policy?

A) Active state participation in capital investments aimed at improving the territorial structure of the economy;
B) A socio-economic process expressed in the growth of urban settlements, population concentration in them, and the spread of urban lifestyle;
C) A process of consistent implementation of technological, managerial, and other solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of using natural resources and conditions;
D) A set of measures implemented by government bodies aimed at organizing, correcting, and supporting socio-economic development processes that ensure economic growth and the necessary level of national welfare;
E) Giant monopolistic associations, international in scale, receiving large profits from foreign operations and usually owned by the capital of a single country.

95. What does fiscal state policy define?

A) The development of science and technology, ensuring strategic scientific and technological priorities, and implementing scientific and technological progress in production;
B) Sources of financing the state treasury, formation of the tax system, and the state budget;
C) Capital investment aimed at structural transformation of production, its technical and technological renewal and modernization;
D) Various aspects of foreign trade, capital and labor migration, and support for domestic entrepreneurship abroad to eliminate balance of payments disparities and achieve external economic equilibrium;
E) The formation of a progressive and efficient structure of the national economy.

96. What is economic development?

A) The formation of a progressive and efficient structure of the national economy;
B) Various aspects of foreign trade, capital and labor migration, and support for domestic entrepreneurship abroad to eliminate balance of payments disparities and achieve external economic equilibrium;
C) Sources of financing the state treasury, formation of the tax system, and the state budget;
D) Giant monopolistic associations, international in scale, receiving large profits from foreign operations and usually owned by the capital of a single country;
E) Qualitative improvements aimed at raising the living standards of the population and structural improvements to the economic system, with the goal of creating new economic clusters and improving existing ones.

97. What are the reasons for state intervention in the economy?

A) Creating conditions for the effective functioning of the market mechanism;
B) Eliminating the negative consequences of market processes;
C) Protecting national interests in the global market;
D) Solving problems that the market mechanism cannot resolve or resolves ineffectively;
E) All of the above.

98. What is the legal method of economic regulation?

A) Establishing by the state of legislative norms and rules for producers and consumers, which determine forms and rights of ownership, terms of contracts, mutual obligations in labor relations between trade unions and employers, etc;
B) Establishing measures for regulation, licensing, quotas, etc., through which control over prices, income, interest rates, and exchange rates is exercised;
C) Influencing the nature of market relations by impacting aggregate demand and supply, capital concentration, economic structure, social conditions, and use of growth factors;
D) Qualitative improvements aimed at improving the population's living conditions and structural improvements of the economic system, with the goal of creating new economic clusters and enhancing existing ones;
E) Various aspects of foreign trade, capital and labor migration, and supporting domestic entrepreneurship abroad to eliminate trade imbalances and achieve external economic equilibrium.

99. What is the administrative method of economic regulation?

A) Establishing by the state of legislative norms and rules for producers and consumers, which determine forms and rights of ownership, terms of contracts, mutual obligations in labor relations between trade unions and employers, etc;
B) Establishing measures for regulation, licensing, quotas, etc., through which control over prices, income, interest rates, and exchange rates is exercised;
C) Influencing the nature of market relations by impacting aggregate demand and supply, capital concentration, economic structure, social conditions, and use of growth factors;
D) Qualitative improvements aimed at improving the population's living conditions and structural improvements of the economic system, with the goal of creating new economic clusters and enhancing existing ones;
E) Various aspects of foreign trade, capital and labor migration, and supporting domestic entrepreneurship abroad to eliminate trade imbalances and achieve external economic equilibrium.

100. What are propaganda (moral and ethical) methods of regulation?

A) Establishing by the state of legislative norms and rules for producers and consumers, which determine forms and rights of ownership, terms of contracts, mutual obligations in labor relations between trade unions and employers, etc;
B) Establishing measures for regulation, licensing, quotas, etc., through which control over prices, income, interest rates, and exchange rates is exercised;
C) Influencing the nature of market relations by impacting aggregate demand and supply, capital concentration, economic structure, social conditions, and use of growth factors;
D) Qualitative improvements aimed at improving the population's living conditions and structural improvements of the economic system, with the goal of creating new economic clusters and enhancing existing ones;
E) Appealing to the dignity, honor, and conscience of a person (entrepreneur, employee, civil servant, etc.) by the state.

101. What is social policy?

A) The formation of a progressive and effective structure of the national economy;
B) A socio-economic process expressed in the growth of urban settlements, the concentration of the population in them, and the spread of the urban way of life;
C) A consistent process of implementing technological, managerial, and other solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of natural resource use;
D) A system of measures carried out by the state, public organizations, local governments, and enterprises on a wide range of issues related to public well-being, as well as the process of decision-making itself;
E) Appealing to the dignity, honor, and conscience of a person (entrepreneur, employee, civil servant, etc.) by the state.

102. What is social protection?

A) Appealing to the dignity, honor, and conscience of a person (entrepreneur, employee, civil servant, etc.) by the state;
B) A system of measures carried out by the state, public organizations, local governments, and enterprises on a wide range of issues related to public well-being, as well as the process of decision-making itself;
C) A system of measures aimed at creating conditions that ensure the economic and moral well-being of vulnerable, unprotected segments of the population and providing them with additional rights and benefits;
D) A socio-economic process expressed in the growth of urban settlements, the concentration of the population in them, and the spread of the urban way of life;
E) The formation of a progressive and effective structure of the national economy.

103. What is the state budget?

A) A set of financial estimates of all state bodies that determine the needs to be met from the state treasury, as well as the sources and expected revenue amounts;
B) A system of measures aimed at creating conditions that ensure the economic and moral well-being of vulnerable, unprotected segments of the population and providing them with additional rights and benefits;
C) The formation of a progressive and effective structure of the national economy;
D) Establishing measures for regulation, licensing, quotas, etc., through which control over prices, income, interest rates, and exchange rates is exercised;
E) Various aspects of foreign trade, capital and labor migration, and supporting domestic entrepreneurship abroad to eliminate trade imbalances and achieve external economic equilibrium.

104. Types and levels of budgets in the Republic of Kazakhstan:

A) Republican budget;
B) Regional budget, budget of a city of republican significance, capital;
C) District (city of regional significance) budget;
D) Budgets of a city of district significance, village, township, rural district;
E) All of the above.

105. What are budget revenues?

A) Establishing by the state legislative norms and rules for producers and consumers, which define forms and rights of ownership, terms of contracts, and mutual obligations in labor relations between trade unions and employers, etc;
B) Part of the centralized financial resources of the state necessary for performing state functions, represented by funds received free of charge and irrevocably, in accordance with the legislation of Kazakhstan, at the disposal of authorities of various levels;
C) Specific legal instruments through which public relations are regulated and the interests of legal entities are satisfied;
D) A set of financial estimates of all government bodies indicating the needs to be met from the state treasury, as well as the sources and amounts of expected revenues;
E) A system of measures aimed at creating conditions that ensure the economic and moral well-being of vulnerable, unprotected population groups, and granting them additional rights and benefits.

106. Which of the following are functions of the state budget?

A) Control;
B) Distribution;
C) Regulation;
D) Information;
E) All of the above.

107. What is mandatory social insurance?

A) A system of measures aimed at creating conditions that ensure the economic and moral well-being of vulnerable, unprotected population groups, and granting them additional rights and benefits;
B) A set of measures organized, monitored, and guaranteed by the state to compensate part of the income used as the basis for calculating social contributions, in order to make social payments in case of a social risk as defined by law;
C) Establishing by the state legislative norms and rules for producers and consumers, which define forms and rights of ownership, terms of contracts, and mutual obligations in labor relations between trade unions and employers, etc;
D) A socio-economic process expressed in the growth of urban settlements, population concentration, and the spread of urban lifestyles;
E) Specific legal instruments through which public relations are regulated and the interests of legal entities are satisfied.

108. What is state youth policy?

A) Specific legal instruments through which public relations are regulated and the interests of legal entities are satisfied;
B) A political process of managerial influence by state institutions on the main spheres of society;
C) A system of socio-economic, organizational, and legal measures implemented by the state aimed at supporting and developing youth;
D) The formation of a progressive and efficient structure of the national economy;
E) A socio-economic process expressed in the growth of urban settlements, population concentration, and the spread of urban lifestyle.

109. When was the current Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On State Youth Policy» adopted?

A) February 27, 2013;
B) September 9, 2005;
C) July 7, 2004;
D) February 9, 2015;
E) March 15, 2019.

110. The year 2020 in Kazakhstan was declared the year of:

A) the volunteer;
B) the medical worker;
C) the child;
D) the teacher;
E) the elderly person.

111. What is the education system?

A) A system of socio-economic, organizational, and legal measures implemented by the state aimed at supporting and developing youth;
B) A political process of managerial influence by state institutions on the main spheres of society;
C) A set of relevant programs and standards, a network of institutions and administrative bodies, and a complex of principles that define its functioning;
D) The formation of a progressive and efficient structure of the national economy;
E) A socio-economic process expressed in the growth of urban settlements, population concentration, and the spread of urban lifestyle.

112. What is state policy in the field of education?

A) A socio-economic process expressed in the growth of urban settlements, population concentration in them, and the spread of the urban way of life;
B) A set of measures undertaken by state bodies, political actions regarding education as a social institution (development of regulatory legal acts, programs, etc.);
C) A field of activity involving the management of the country’s economic, social, and political development in a spatial, regional context, i.e., related to relations between the state and the regions, as well as between the regions themselves;
D) The formation of a progressive and efficient structure of the national economy;
E) A political process of managerial influence by state institutions on the main spheres of society.

113. What are the main objectives of the National Project «Quality Education: Educated Nation»?

A) Ensuring access to and quality of preschool education and training;
B) Improving the quality of secondary education;
C) Providing schools with a comfortable, safe, and modern educational environment;
D) Ensuring accessible and quality technical and vocational education;
E) Increasing the competitiveness of Kazakhstani universities.

114. What is state policy in the field of culture?

A) A set of measures undertaken by state bodies, political actions regarding education as a social institution (development of regulatory legal acts, programs, etc.);
B) A socio-economic process expressed in the growth of urban settlements, population concentration in them, and the spread of the urban way of life;
C) A set of measures taken by government bodies aimed at the creation, revival, preservation, protection, development, dissemination, and use of cultural and spiritual values;
D) A set of relevant programs and standards, a network of institutions and administrative bodies, and a complex of principles that define its functioning;
E) The formation of a progressive and efficient structure of the national economy.

115. What is state information policy?

A) A special area of activity in the information sphere of state bodies and officials in fulfilling the main functions of the state;
B) A set of relevant programs and standards, a network of institutions and administrative bodies, and a complex of principles that define its functioning;
C) A set of measures taken by government bodies aimed at the creation, revival, preservation, protection, development, dissemination, and use of cultural and spiritual values;
D) A socio-economic process expressed in the growth of urban settlements, population concentration in them, and the spread of the urban way of life;
E) A set of measures undertaken by state bodies, political actions regarding education as a social institution (development of regulatory legal acts, programs, etc.).

116. What is information security?

A) A special area of activity within the information sphere of government bodies and officials in fulfilling the state’s main functions;
B) A set of measures taken by government bodies aimed at the creation, revival, preservation, protection, development, dissemination, and use of cultural and spiritual values;
C) A set of measures undertaken by state bodies, political actions regarding education as a social institution (development of legal regulatory acts, programs, etc.);
D) A set of tools and methods for protecting information and its supporting infrastructure from intentional or accidental interference, in which case the data owner (the state, businesses, individuals) incurs losses
E) A codified set of acts, rules, and norms regulating a specific sphere of public relations.

117. What are information wars?

A) A set of measures undertaken by state bodies, political actions regarding education as a social institution (development of legal regulatory acts, programs, etc.);
B) A codified set of acts, rules, and norms regulating a specific sphere of public relations;
C) A mode of public life characterized by the supremacy of laws and the unconditional execution of their requirements;
D) The dominance or power of the mob, street, or certain political groups that rely on primitive slogans and demands, anarchy, populism, provocation of base instincts, and riots;
E) Actions aimed at achieving information superiority and influencing the adversary by interfering in information processes, manipulating local media, conducting psychological campaigns on social networks, and shaping favorable public opinion.

118. What is cyber espionage?

A) A computer attack aimed at intimidating and coercing (a government or its citizens) into taking certain political actions;
B) Actions targeting programs, systems, and computer networks to gain access to military, defense, diplomatic, or economic information;
C) Offensive special operations aimed at physically affecting (destroying, distorting, falsifying) information or IT infrastructure, ranging from network shutdowns and «denial of access» to disabling key systems and networks;
D) A mode of public life characterized by the supremacy of laws and the unconditional execution of their requirements;
E) The dominance or power of the mob, street, or certain political groups that rely on primitive slogans and demands, anarchy, populism, provocation of base instincts, and riots.

119. What is national policy?

A) The dominance or power of the mob, street, or certain political groups that rely on primitive slogans and demands, anarchy, populism, provocation of base instincts, and riots;
B) An expressed opinion or judgment by social groups about phenomena or problems of social life affecting common interests;
C) Targeted activity to regulate relationships between nations and ethnic groups, established in relevant political documents and legal acts of the state;
D) The existence of the world, objects, their properties, and relations, independent of human will and consciousness; belonging to objective reality;
E) A government mandate to carry out actions and measures aimed at solving socially significant problems on an intergovernmental and/or regional level;

120. When was the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan established?

A) April 1, 1995;
B) August 9, 1997;
C) September 5, 1998;
D) July 18, 1994;
E) March 1, 1995.

121. What is state environmental policy?

A) A government mandate to carry out activities and measures aimed at solving socially significant problems at the intergovernmental and/or regional level;
B) Targeted activity by the state to organize optimal interaction between society and the environment;
C) The existence of the world, objects, their properties, and relations, independent of human will and consciousness; belonging to objective reality;
D) An expressed opinion or judgment by social groups about phenomena or issues in social life that affect shared interests;
E) A mode of public life characterized by the supremacy of law and the unconditional execution of its requirements.

122. Members of the maslikhat are elected for a term of

A) 4 years;
B) 6 years;
C) 7 years;
D) 3 years;
E) 5 years.

123. Permanent commissions of the maslikhats, within their area of competence, adopt

A) Resolutions;
B) Orders;
C) Directives;
D) Decrees;
E) Decisions.

124. The main form of activity of a maslikhat is

A) Conference;
B) Meeting;
C) Session;
D) Congress;
E) Council.

125. A citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan can be elected as a maslikhat deputy if they are at least

A) 30 years old;
B) 25 years old;
C) 40 years old;
D) 20 years old;
E) 35 years old.

126. Who heads the executive branch in the Republic of Kazakhstan?

A) The President;
B) The Prime Minister;
C) The Chairman of the Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
D) The Chairman of the Senate of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
E) The Chairman of the Supreme Court.

127. What is a tolerance?

A) The absence of negative attitudes, irrational fear, and hatred toward outsiders;
B) Avoidance of using one's civil rights, for example, not participating in elections or consistently being absent from meetings of collegial bodies;
C) Opinions expressed by social groups toward phenomena or problems in social life that affect common interests;
D) Purposeful state activity to ensure optimal interaction between society and the environment;
E) Acceptance and respect for other people’s ways of life, behaviors, customs, beliefs, opinions, and ideas.

128. What is a legal culture?

A) A system of values, legal ideas, beliefs, behavior patterns, and legal traditions adopted by members of a certain community and used to regulate their activities;
B) A set of learned and socially transmitted patterns of behavior that characterize governance and politics in a society;
C) A set of perceptions and emotions expressing people’s attitudes toward existing or desired law;
D) Acceptance and respect for other people’s ways of life, behaviors, customs, beliefs, opinions, and ideas;
E) Purposeful state activity to ensure optimal interaction between society and the environment.

129. What is a legal socialization?

A) An institutionalized process through which values, skills, and knowledge are passed from one person, group, or community to others;
B) Purposeful state activity to ensure optimal interaction between society and the environment;
C) The internalization of legal values by an individual, turning them into life norms, behavior, and personal psychological traits;
D) The absence of negative attitudes, irrational fear, and hatred toward outsiders;
E) The process by which an individual acquires knowledge, norms, values, and traditions in the labor, political, and legal spheres of life, enabling them to function as a full member of society.

130. What is a political security?

A) A state of legal protection of important interests of individuals or legal entities and the ability to resist external and internal threats by legal means;
B) The state of protection of the foundations of the constitutional order, the functioning of the system of state bodies, and the order of public administration from real and potential threats;
C) The state of the economy in which food self-sufficiency is ensured by domestic production, and basic food items are physically and economically accessible;
D) Protection of regional interests from real and potential internal and external threats;
E) A set of conditions, phenomena, and actions ensuring the ecological balance of individual territories, regions, and the Earth as a whole.

131. What is national security?

A) A set of conditions, phenomena, and actions that ensure the ecological balance of specific territories, regions, and the Earth as a whole;
B) A state of legal protection of important interests of individuals or legal entities, and the ability to resist internal and external threats by legal means;
C) An economic condition in which domestic production ensures the country’s food independence and guarantees the physical and economic availability of essential food products;
D) The protection of the state from external and internal threats, resilience to adverse external impacts, and ensuring such internal and external conditions for the country’s existence that guarantee stable progress for society and its citizens;
E) The process by which each individual internalizes a system of knowledge, norms, values, and traditions in the labor, political, and legal spheres of life, allowing them to function as full members of society.

132. What is food security?

A) The protection of the state from external and internal threats, resilience to adverse external impacts, and ensuring such internal and external conditions for the country’s existence that guarantee stable progress for society and its citizens;
B) An economic condition in which domestic production ensures the country’s food independence and guarantees the physical and economic availability of essential food products;
C) A set of conditions, phenomena, and actions that ensure the ecological balance of specific territories, regions, and the Earth as a whole;
D) A combination of conditions and factors that ensure the independence, stability, and sustainable development of the national economy, as well as its capacity for continuous improvement and self-renewal;
E) Conditions created by the state to safeguard the economic system of the country from irreparable harm caused by internal and external economic threats.

133. What is voluntarism?

A) A combination of conditions and factors that ensure the independence, stability, and sustainable development of the national economy, as well as its capacity for continuous improvement and self-renewal;
B) Conditions created by the state to safeguard the economic system of the country from irreparable harm caused by internal and external economic threats;
C) A socio-political practice that disregards real conditions and capabilities, determined by the subjective will and arbitrary decisions of those implementing it;
D) The formation of a progressive and efficient structure of the national economy;
E) The establishment by the state of legislative norms and rules for producers and consumers that determine forms and rights of ownership, conditions of contract conclusion, mutual obligations in labor relations between trade unions and employers, etc.

134. What is state power?

A) The right and ability of the state and its bodies to manage, direct, and control the activities of society, its citizens, and their associations, subjecting them to its will;
B) The formation of a progressive and efficient structure of the national economy;
C) Giant monopolistic associations, international in scale, earning large profits from foreign operations and typically owned by capital from one country;
D) Unique legal instruments used to regulate social relations and meet the interests of legal subjects;
E) A system of measures carried out by the state, public organizations, local self-governments, and enterprises to address a wide range of issues related to public welfare, as well as the decision-making process itself.

135. What is legality?

A) A process of continuous implementation of technological, managerial, and other solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of using natural resources and conditions;
B) The right and ability of the state and its bodies to manage, direct, and control the activities of society, its citizens, and their associations, subjecting them to its will;
C) A systematized set of acts, rules, and norms that regulate a particular sphere of social relations;
D) A mode of public life characterized by the supremacy of laws and the unconditional observance of their requirements;
E) A set of measures implemented by government bodies aimed at organizing, correcting, and maintaining the socio-economic development processes that ensure economic growth and the necessary level of national well-being.

136. What is legislation?

A) The right and ability of the state and its bodies to manage the life of society, its citizens, and their associations, to direct and control them, and to subject them to its will;
B) The external form of the expression of law, represented by the totality of all legislative acts in force in the state;
C) Qualitative improvements aimed at raising the living standards of the population and structural improvements to the economic system, with the goal of creating new economic clusters and improving existing ones;
D) An official document that does not contain normative provisions but reflects an established and stable understanding of the meaning of a particular object;
E) A rational system or organized structure intended for the effective and qualified implementation of public policy.

137. What is lawmaking (legislative process)?

A) The external form of the expression of law, represented by the totality of all legislative acts in force in the state;
B) A rational system or organized structure intended for the effective and qualified implementation of public policy;
C) The activity of a representative (legislative) body of state power associated with identifying the need for legislative regulation, drafting, and adopting laws;
D) Specific legal instruments used to regulate public relations and meet the interests of legal subjects;
E) A systematized set of acts, rules, and norms regulating a specific sphere of public relations.

138. What is public administration?

A) A voluntary union based on ideological unity, striving for political power or participation in the exercise of state power;
B) A mandate from the state to implement measures aimed at solving socially significant problems of intergovernmental and/or regional importance;
C) A group of legal norms formed objectively within a unified legal system as a distinct part, regulating qualitatively homogeneous public relations based on specific principles and methods, thereby acquiring relative independence and stability;
D) The duty and readiness of a subject to be responsible for actions and their consequences in accordance with the law;
E) Purposeful and organized regulatory influence of the state (through its bodies and officials) on public processes, relations, and human activity.

139. According to their form of government, all states are classified as

A) Democratic and authoritarian;
B) Unitary, federal, and confederate;
C) Monarchies and republics;
D) Authoritarian and liberal;
E) All of the above.

140. Based on the characteristics of the form of rule, states are classified as

A) Monarchies and republics;
B) Republics and unitary states;
C) Authoritarian and liberal;
D) Unitary, federal, and confederate;
E) Democratic and authoritarian.

141. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a republic?

A) Election of representative authorities;
B) Changeability of representative authorities;
C) Collegial governance;
D) All state power concentrated in the hands of one person;
E) Legislatively enshrined accountability and responsibility of the government for the results of its activities.

142. What are the main functions of the state?

A) Economic;
B) Political;
C) Social;
D) Ideological;
E) All of the above.

143. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the functioning of government bodies?

A) Sole authority;
B) Popular sovereignty;
C) Separation of powers;
D) Rule of law;
E) Priority of human rights and freedoms.

144. What are the generally recognized goals of state economic policy?

A) Regulation of processes not influenced by market mechanisms;
B) Ensuring growth in socio-economic efficiency and overall economic balance;
C) Investment in «human capital»;
D) Protection of citizens' rights and freedoms;
E) Creation of conditions that ensure economic freedom.

145. The relevance of developing and implementing state and regional policy is due to:

A) Assistance to vulnerable groups of the population;
B) Lack of social infrastructure;
C) Socio-economic differentiation of regions;
D) Lack of production infrastructure;
E) A shift in the development paradigm.

146. What is conformism?

A) A specific way of understanding or interpreting an object, phenomenon, or process; the main idea or guiding principle;
B) A situation of conflict between private or public interests protected by law and the goals to satisfy those interests;
C) A set of states, phenomena, and actions ensuring the environmental balance of individual territories, regions, and the Earth as a whole;
D) Passive acceptance of the existing order and prevailing opinions, absence of personal stance, unprincipled following of any model with the most authority;
E) Formation of a progressive and efficient structure of the national economy.

147. What is legitimation?

A) Maximum volumes, quantitative restrictions on mineral extraction, use of natural resources, wage levels, foreign exchange operations, etc;
B) A set of legal principles and means ensuring compliance with international law and fulfillment of international obligations;
C) Passive acceptance of the existing order and prevailing opinions, absence of personal stance, unprincipled following of any model with the most authority;
D) A situation of conflict between private or public interests protected by law and the goals to satisfy those interests;
E) Granting political, social, administrative, or economic phenomena a legal and legitimate status.

148. What is public-private partnership (PPP)?

A) New social movements seeking unconventional solutions to pressing problems, different from those offered by traditional parties and organizations;
B) A political movement that sees labor unions (syndicates) as the only form of organization for workers;
C) Constructive cooperation between government and business in the economy, politics, culture, science, etc;
D) The process by which individuals express their demands, reflecting their real or perceived interests;
E) A feature of a state system where political regulation is based on an official ideology and serves to implement its postulates.

149. Who is the main subject of social policy?

A) The person;
B) The state;
C) The nation;
D) A government body;
E) The individual.

150. What is one of the objectives of Kazakhstan's youth policy?

A) Reducing the number of youth organizations;
B) Fostering citizenship and patriotism;
C) Banning youth from participating in public life;
D) Cutting funding for education;
E) Restricting access to information.